液力变矩器的结构及工作原理

YJ380系列变矩器由能量转换元件、动力输入、输出元件、固定支承元件、液压件及其它附件组成。

液力变矩器是以液体为工作介质的叶片式传动装置，扭矩的传递依靠工作腔内液体的动量矩变化来实现。其工作原理为：泵轮通过动力输入零件与发动机的飞轮联结，接受发动机的机械能，并将其转变为工作液体的液体能，涡轮接受工作液体的能量并将其转变为机械能，通过动力输出零件将其传递出去。导轮改变工作液体的流向，给工作液体一个反作用扭矩，并起变矩、变速的作用。

进油阀原理上为主压力阀和溢流阀组合而成。主压力阀既保证液力变矩器有足够的供油量，又确保主机的变速油路的油压处于1.2-1.4Mpa的范围内。溢流阀的作用是建立系统的补偿压力，并根据变矩器的不同工况、内部液流的变化规律自动调整供油系统通过变矩器的流量，以控制变矩器的散热量，同时如变矩器的进口发生阻塞时起过压保护作用。出口阀的作用是保证循环圆内的工作液体处于所需的工作状态。

由于液力变矩器的这种特殊的结构和作用，车辆采用这种传动部件较机械传动有以下优点：

1. 由于液力变矩器的自动变矩作用，使工作机械对外界突变载荷具有较好的适应性能。避免发动机因外载荷的突然增大而熄火，并自动满足工作机械牵引工况的要求。

2. 由于工作介质是液体，能够起到减振和隔振作用，提高工程机械的使用寿命。据统计：发动机寿命可提高47%，变速箱寿命可提高400%。

3. 可提高车辆的通过性和适应性。

4. 可简化车辆的操作系统。

由于上述优点，液力变矩器越来越广泛的被采用。

Structure and working principle of hydraulic torque converter

YJ380 series torque converter consists of energy conversion components, power input and output components, fixed support components, hydraulic parts and other accessories.

The hydraulic torque converter is a vane transmission device that uses liquid as the working medium. The transmission of torque relies on the change of the momentum moment of the liquid in the working chamber. Its working principle is: the pump wheel is connected to the flywheel of the engine through the power input part, receives the mechanical energy of the engine, and converts it into the liquid energy of the working fluid. The turbine accepts the energy of the working fluid and converts it into mechanical energy, and through the power output part Pass it on. The guide wheel changes the flow direction of the working fluid, gives the working fluid a reaction torque, and plays the role of torque and speed change.

The oil inlet valve is basically a combination of a main pressure valve and a relief valve. The main pressure valve not only ensures that the hydraulic torque converter has sufficient oil supply, but also ensures that the oil pressure of the main engine's transmission oil circuit is within the range of 1.2-1.4Mpa. The function of the relief valve is to establish the compensation pressure of the system and automatically adjust the flow of the oil supply system through the torque converter according to the different working conditions of the torque converter and the changing rules of the internal fluid flow to control the heat dissipation of the torque converter. If the inlet of the torque converter is blocked, it will act as overvoltage protection. The function of the outlet valve is to ensure that the working liquid in the circulation circle is in the required working state.

Due to the special structure and function of the hydraulic torque converter, vehicles using this transmission component have the following advantages over mechanical transmission:

1. Due to the automatic torque conversion function of the hydraulic torque converter, the working machine has better adaptability to sudden external loads. It prevents the engine from stalling due to a sudden increase in external load, and automatically meets the requirements of the traction working conditions of the working machinery.

2. Since the working medium is liquid, it can play the role of vibration reduction and isolation, extending the service life of construction machinery. According to statistics: engine life can be increased by 47%, and gearbox life can be increased by 400%.

3. It can improve vehicle passability and adaptability.

4. Simplifies the vehicle’s operating system.

Due to the above advantages, hydraulic torque converters are more and more widely used.